Participation dynamics: the more the merrier

Labor supply ; Labor market

Comovement: it's not a puzzle

A defining feature of business cycles is the comovement of inputs at the sectoral level with aggregate activity. Standard models cannot account for this phenomenon. This paper develops and estimates a two-sector dynamic general equilibrium model that can account for this key regularity. My model incorporates three shocks to the economy: monetary policy shocks, neutral technology shocks, and embodied technology shocks in the capital-producing sector. The estimated model is able to account for the response of the US economy to all three shocks. Using this model, I argue that the key friction underlying sectoral comovement is rigidity in nominal wages.Business cycles ; Wages

Inflation disconnect?

Inflation (Finance)

Why income per worker differs worldwide

A higher entry cost distorts the industry structure and the allocation of productive factors across firms, which results in lower total factor productivity and output per worker.Income ; Income distribution ; Productivity

Income differences around the globe go beyond physical, human capital

Differences in physical and human capital don't fully explain the staggering differences in living standards around the globe. The high cost of starting a new business and the difficulties in obtaining financing in some countries also are key factors.Income

Gas-price inflation

Inflation (Finance) ; Gasoline

Cross - country productivity growth

Productivity

Optimal monetary policy, endogenous sticky prices and multiplicity of equilibria

We analyze optimal discretionary monetary policy in an endogenous sticky prices model. Similar models with exogenous sticky prices can deliver multiple equilibria. This is a necessary condition for the occurrence of expectation traps (when private agents’ expectations determine the equilibrium level of inflation). In our model, sticky price firms are allowed to switch to flexible pricing by paying a random cost. For plausible parametrizations, our model has a unique low-inflation equilibrium. With endogenous sticky prices, the monetary authority does not validate high-inflation expectations and deviates to the Friedman rule.Monetary policy ; Prices

An estimated DSGE model for the United Kingdom

The authors estimate the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model of Christiano, Eichenbaum, and Evans (2005) on U.K. data. Their estimates suggest that price stickiness is a more important source of nominal rigidity in the United Kingdom than wage stickiness. Their estimates of parameters governing investment behavior are only well behaved when post-1979 observations are included, which reflects government policies until the late 1970s that obstructed the influence of market forces on investment.Equilibrium (Economics) - Mathematical models ; Economic policy - Great Britain

Euro membership as a U.K. monetary policy option: results from a structural model

Developments in open-economy modeling, and the accumulation of experience with the monetary policy regimes prevailing in the United Kingdom and the euro area, have increased our ability to evaluate the effects that joining monetary union would have on the U.K. economy. This paper considers the debate on the United Kingdom's monetary policy options using a structural open-economy model. We use the Erceg, Gust, and Lopez-Salido (EGL) (2007) model to explore both the existing U.K. regime (CPI inflation targeting combined with a floating exchange rate), and adoption of the euro, as monetary policy options for the United Kingdom. Experiments with a baseline estimated version of the model suggest that there is improved stability for the U.K. economy with monetary union. Once large differences in the degree of nominal rigidity across economies are considered, the balance tilts toward the existing U.K. monetary policy regime. The improvement in U.K. economic stability under monetary union also diminishes if imports from the euro area are modeled as primarily intermediates instead of finished goods; or if we assume that the pressures reflected in foreign exchange market shocks, instead of vanishing with monetary union, are now manifested as an additional source of disturbances to domestic aggregate spending.Monetary policy - European Union countries ; Monetary policy - Great Britain ; Great Britain